sudo: self-hosting for non-techies

There's a version of the internet you were never shown.

One where you decide who to trust, instead of leaving it to an algorithm. I've been self-hosting my own tools on a rented server for a few weeks now, and I was surprised how simple, and how satisfying, it's become. This page explains why the modern internet feels broken, and how you can take back control, piece by piece, with open software and AI as your copilot.

Why

The internet you never got to know

There's a word now for the feeling that every app eventually gets worse: enshittification. It was coined by author and activist Cory Doctorow, describing how platforms decay in three phases. First, they're good to their users. Then users get exploited to benefit advertisers and business customers. Eventually, those get exploited too, to benefit shareholders.

The term is long past niche slang. The American Dialect Society named it their 2023 Word of the Year, and Australia's Macquarie Dictionary jury followed a year later. It clearly struck a nerve.

What bothers me more than the decline itself: an entire generation has never known anything else. Ads everywhere, a feed that decides what you see, "free" services quietly paid for with your own data. For many, that's simply what the internet is.

There used to be a different version of it. Smaller, more personal corners of the web that belonged to you instead of a company. For a long time, that was a topic for nerds: deep technical knowledge, terminals, configuration. But thanks to AI, it has become remarkably accessible. This page shows how much of that you can reclaim, without a computer science degree.

enshittification noun, informal

The gradual decline of a service or product, driven by profit-driven prioritization, at the expense of the people it's supposed to serve.

Coined by Cory Doctorow, 2022 · American Dialect Society Word of the Year 2023 · More on Wikipedia ↗

What

Self-hosting in one sentence

Self-hosting means running software on a server that you own, instead of trusting a company to run it for you and change the rules whenever it wants.

The difference is rarely noticeable on a technical level. You still use an app on your phone. The difference is who, on the other end, decides what happens to your data, what the service costs tomorrow, and whether it will even exist next year.

That's the trade, in full: more control, but also more responsibility. Nobody else is patching this server, backing up your data, or on call if something breaks, until you set that up yourself. None of that is a reason to skip self-hosting. It's the honest cost behind the upside above, and Get Started is written with that in mind.

Data ownership
stays with the provider
stays with you
Cost over time
rising subscription fees
fixed cost, plus your time
Ads & tracking
usually built in
none
Security & backups
the provider's job
your job now
Reliability
SLA-backed uptime
only as reliable as you make it
Cancellation risk
provider can end anytime
ends when you stop maintaining it

Tools

Worth a try

No need to switch everything at once. Here are six open alternatives to services you probably already use every day. Each one is worth trying on its own. If you're picking a first project, start with something low-stakes like a task list or a read-it-later app, before trusting a password manager or your only photo library to a setup you're still learning.

replaces Google Drive / Dropbox

Nextcloud

Your own cloud for files, calendars, and contacts, with apps for every device.

FilesSync
nextcloud.com ↗
replaces 1Password / LastPass

Vaultwarden

A password manager compatible with the official Bitwarden apps for phone and browser.

⚠ The community is genuinely split on this one. Great once you trust your setup, but risky as a single point of failure if it's the only way you get into your accounts. Not the best first project.

PasswordsSecurity
Project page ↗
replaces Google Photos

Immich

Automatic photo backup from your phone, with face recognition and a timeline.

⚠ Immich's own docs are blunt about this: don't make it your only copy of your photos. Back up the database too, or you'll keep the photos but lose every album, face tag, and share link.

PhotosBackup
immich.app ↗
replaces Todoist

Vikunja

Task lists and projects, with native apps for iPhone and Android.

TasksPlanning
vikunja.io ↗
replaces Notion for notes

BookStack

A personal wiki for notes, guides, and anything you want to remember.

NotesKnowledge
bookstackapp.com ↗
replaces Pocket

Readeck

Saves articles ad-free and permanently for later reading, even if the original goes offline.

ReadingArchive
readeck.org ↗

Get Started

How do I begin?

Self-hosting isn't all-or-nothing. Three honest entry points, depending on how hands-on you want to be.

01

Without your own server

Services like PikaPods run open-source software for you, starting at a few euros a month. No terminal, no server. You click "Install" and get a ready-made address.

02

With a bit of courage

Your own virtual server (e.g. at Hetzner) plus Docker give you more control, with a manageable learning curve, and today, an AI as your copilot for every terminal command. That's how I started myself.

03

Full control

Your own hardware at home: a small mini PC or NAS. The most involved but most independent path, for anyone who really wants to go deep.

Practical first step: get started

How: Deep Dives

The basics, step by step

Short, understandable explainers on the concepts behind every self-hosted service. This series keeps growing.

01

What actually is a server?

The basics: what a server is, what a terminal does, and why "root access" isn't black magic.

Read →
02

Docker in plain words

How containers work, and why they make self-hosting so much more relaxed than it used to be.

coming soon
03

From server to your own address

Domains, HTTPS, and deploys: how a server in a data center becomes your own, reachable app.

coming soon
04

Backups, updates & basic security

The unglamorous part that actually matters: firewalls, automatic updates, and a backup routine you can trust.

coming soon

Sources

Further reading

Cory Doctorow's original Enshittification essay ↗The essay that coined the term, straight from the author.
Wikipedia: Enshittification ↗A compact overview with further sources.
awesome-selfhosted ↗Probably the largest curated list of open-source alternatives.
r/selfhosted ↗An active community for questions, recommendations, and troubleshooting.
PikaPods ↗Hosted open-source software, with no server of your own.

Questions, tips, or your own experience?

This page keeps growing. Let me know what's missing, or what worked for you.